Homework

1. Clorox Fabric spray
-water
-sodium carbonate
-sodium chloride
-sodium hypochlorite

2. 409 carpet and spot strain remover
-water
-hydorgen peroxide
-isoproply alcoohal
-alcohal ethoxylate
-fragrance
-sodium hydroxide

3. Pine sol
-water
-etholated alcohals
-alkl sulfonate
-dye
-fragrance
-hydoropropynl methycellulose
-preservative
-sodium carbonate

4. Tilex stain remover
-water
-sodium hypochlorite
-fragarance
-lauramine oxide
-potassium iodide
silicone emulsion
-sodium hydoxide
-sodium silicate

5. Beer
-water
-malt
-hops
-yeast

6. coffee
-caffeine
-tannin
-thaimin
-spermidine
-xanthine
-citric acid
-chlorogenic acid
-spermine

7. peanut butter
-vitiman e
-magnesium
-folate
-dietary fiber
-arginine
-antioxidant coumaric acid


8. cotton candy
-sucrose

9. butter
-mono saturated fat
-saturated fat
-cholesterol

Day Seven

Observations in glasses

#1 NEON
-yellow
-red
-orange
-rainbows
-vivid colors

#2 HELIUM
-rainbows are a little blurry this time
-more red than other color
-8 lines going up sides

#3 NITROGEN
-lots of lines on the parralel sides
-yellow

#4 CARBON DIOXIDE
-rainbow lines on top and bottom
-star/cone rainbow lines

#5 ARGON
- a lot of purple lines
-long lines of differnt colors



This was a cool observation experiment in order to see how differnt atoms put off differnt light through electrons.

Day Seven

Write the formula for Tums? How does Tums chemically react with water and stomach acid?
CaCO3  is the active ingredient in tums. This chemical dissolves in water as a negative charged bond to react with acids and water.

 

How many Tums are needed to neutralize a can of coke?

I am unsure of the exact number, we would need to do ane experiment for this! But my guess would be about 4 or 5 tums.

Day Seven

Reflect on the expansion of water and salt water experiments you and your classmates performed. What are some of the interesting results and struggles with this experiment.

Relate your thoughts on this experiment to the scientific question "Is the earth warming?"

Some interesting things with this experiment, and something many of us found in common was that it was difficult to measure the ice. Overall, we found that adding salt to the water lowers the temperature of the ice. It was difficult to do the experiment because originally we wanted to take it out after 15 minutes, but that was not enough time. So instead we waited 30 minutes and this worked out well. The difficulties of this experiment were all things that normal scientists go through: trial and error! It was toughest to measure the last one because this was when the water was frozen over the most so we had to poke a hole in t. Poking a hole in the ice probably had an effect on the measurements, and lost a few centimeters in there. This puts our experiment in a tight situation because it's not totally reliable. Comparing results to other classmates is helpful, in seeing if we had similar results. But on the other hand, everyone experiment was done a little differently so that makes it hard to compare results. It's important to know all of the different ways people think up experiments.

In relation to global warming, I would say that this experiment helps only a little bit in understanding the harm we are doing to the earth. Global warming is the increase in average temperature of the Earths surface due to the trap of heat and light from the sun. Just as we did in our experiment, the temperature was being affected. With global warming, the longer we don't do anything about it, the more it is going to be affected. The sun is beating down on the earth's surface, heating it up. The ice was in the freezer for a period of time, cooling it down an freezing it. The cold is getting trapped in our experiment, like the sun is getting trapped in the earth and warming it.  It is hard to understand what is happening to the earth because there are many scientists out there, trying to measure it in different ways. The earth's temperature changes constantly due to the seasons, and this also makes it tough to measure.

Homework

Liquid	Ph Level
Deodorant	4
Proactive solution toner	6
Mouthwash	6
Solumel Stain Remover	8
Spit	8
Pickle juice	6
Vodka	6
Beer	6
Lemonade	4
Clorox bathroom cleaner	10

Experiment

We than went on to make an experiment with the pH levels in finding how to neutralize the level of stain remover. We decided to mix the stain remover solumel with the antacid tums. We chose solumel because this had a pretty high pH level of 8. We found that in order to neutralize the solumel all we needed was ¼ of a tum. This put the pH level at 7, and that is the neutral level. Adding more tum does not change the pH level of solumel, the solution stays neutral no matter what.

Antacid amount (Tums)	pH of Solumel
¼ of tum	7
½ of tum	7
¾ of tum	7
1 tum	7

Day Six

What is more acidic, ph3 or ph4?

Ph3 is more acidic than ph4 because it is closer to "0". It is ten times more acidic than ph4 due to the logarithmic scale it is based upon.

Day Six

Show an image or animation or description of what is happening when water dissolves NaCl.

Why is the freezing point lowered when salt is added to water?

The salt gets in the way of the water molecules, making it harder for them to move. When salt is added to water, it forms crystal molecules. They almost act as if they are in the way and block the area for it to freeze. As the temperature decreases, water molecules can attach and crystallize .  

 

Day Six

Show crystal structures fo NaCl (sodium chloride)and CaCO3 (calcium carbonate). What is the melting point for these two materials?

NaCl
Melting Point: 801 degrees C

CaCo3
Melting Point: 825 degrees C

Day Six

Describe some common weather occurrences in relation to the gas laws and characteristics we have been exploring.

 The weather occurrences and gas laws share common things in the way that they exert pressure on us by energy. The gas laws we discussed were changes in pressure, temperature, and rise and with weather we experience a change in temperature. It  may be in the mountains, in a humid area, in a cold area, but no matter what, the weather is always changing. The gas laws and common weather changes rely on atmospheric changes.

 

What is the Bernouli Principle, provide an example or application of this.

The Bernouli Principle is a law stating that the increase in the speed of the fluid occurs with the decrease in pressure. They are very much reliant upon one another.

 

An example of this is an airplane. The increase of speed will help with the lift of the aircraft, for a successful take off.

 

 

 

Day Six

What is the tire pressure at -20 degrees F compared to 90 degrees F, assuming the starting pressure was 32 psi?


We must first convert 90 and -20 to Kalvins.

32psi (244.3k)/305.2 K =psi 305.2 K/305.2 k

25.6 psi

Homework

Time	Temperature	Inches
7:30	19 degrees	2.5 inches
8:00	2 degrees	2.6inches
8:30	2 degrees	2.75 inches
9:00	2 degrees	2.75 inches
10:00 + 1 tsp. salt	0 degrees	2.65 inches
10:30 + 1 more tsp. salt Total: 2 tsp. salt	-5 degrees	2.60 inches

We measured out 1 cup of water and then poured it into a clear plastic container.  Then we placed it into the freezer.  Water is the smallest at room temperature.

At 10:00 when we added the salt it melted the ice and turned it into a slushy substance.

At 10:30 when we added more salt the more the ice melted and became more of a slushy material. But when we added more salt the temperature got lower or colder.  We believe the amount of salt does affect the freezing point because according to our results the temperature lowered after we added more salt.

Homework

1. How much does water expand when frozen?

2. When is water the smallest?

3. What happens when salt is added to water?

4. Does the amount of salt added affect the freezing point?

Temperature!

Day Five

List the molecular masses of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and helium.

Carbon dioxide: C=12 O=16 12.01 + (16 x 2) = 12 + 32= 44 g/mole
Oxygen:  16 16 x 2= 32 g/mole
Helium: 4.00 g/mole

Day Five

What is burning? Show the chemical formula and an image of the structure.
The gas is burning that is lit from the candle, and this is burning from the wick. The wick keeps the heat of the flame going, continuing to burn. The wick is made of cotton and the cotton is absorbent enough for the flame to build upon and burn. It absorbs the fire, so it is truly the flame burning forth through vapor and absorbtion.

Write the chemical reaction.

The chemical reaction is a simple combustion. The reaction is making water and carbon dioxide and than turned into heat and energy. It is mainly the release of hear turning into light.

C25H52 + O2====>CO2 + H2O

 

Write the balanced chemical reaction.

C₂₅H₅₂ + 38O₂ = 25CO₂ + 26H₂O

Homework

Explain what happened in that mountain village we described in class. You explanation will need to include detail that includes density and molecular weight of gases.

The mountain village we described in class is a result of carbon dioxide and the carbon dioxide released into the air kills people. The volcanic gasses releasedthat create the greatest dangers to humans are sulfur dioxide, carbon dioxide and hydrogen fluoride. The carbon dioxide is a heavy gas and has around 30% of co2 that puts into the air. Sulfur dioxide, on the other hand, depends on weather oro not the gas is in jested into the troposphere and the weather patterns created.
In class, the village was being killed by the gasses in the air because they were releasing quickly, because c02 has a heavy molecular weight and a quick spread into the air. "Every step up the volcano is a closer escape to death" the website points out, so the village was being led to bad air fast.

http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/hazards/gas/index.php

Day Four

How much pressure do you place on someone when you stand on them?

130/12 sq inches^2=10.8

I would exert 10.8 amounts of pressure onto someone when standing on them.

Day Three

Why did balloons get bigger when the pump was turned on? What was happening at the molecular level?

The balloons got bigger because there was pressure going into the container from the pump. The pressure was taking air out of the container and the air had to go somewhere, so it went towards the balloons. It wasn't going too fast, so the temperate was probabaly at room level. The molecules are bouncing on the surface of the ballon, and this makes it stiff on the balloon in order to inflate the molecules for air pressure.

The molecular levels were repelling one another because there is so little space in the container that they repel one another, and the molecules are being pushed out of the container. The air is always moving.

Day Three

Show a chemical structure for soap.

Most soaps are soluble sodium or potassium salts.

 

What is unique about the polarity(charge characteristics) of soap?

The soap molecules dissolve in water, forming an interesting structure. It forms a "my cell" which creates interactions of charged waters. The "my cells" form and than, go out into the water to wash your dishes, or your hands.

How does soap work?

Soap is made of potassium salts, and when those are mixed with water they dissolve and form into sodium and sterate ions. They dissolve in water because of the carbaxalate groups and these are "water lovers" while the opposite, hydrocarbon is "water fearing".

Day Three

Show the chemical structure of vitamin C and vitamin E and describe which one is water soluble and which one is fat soluble.

Vitamin C is very water soluble meaning it can come right out of your body.
Citrus fruits are a great source of vitamin c!

Vitamin E is very fat soluble. Mainly hydrogen with no charge and can accumulate in your body.
Avocados and almonds are a great source of vitamin e!

Day Three

What is the chemicals and their structures that make up cardboard?
Typically, cardboard is made from cellulose and natural fibers that are also made of paper. C6H10O5 is the chemical formula for cellulose.

 

 

What is the chemicals and their structures that make up styrofoam?
Polysterne is the main chemical make up for styrofoam which is linked together through polymeristation.

What is the chemicals and their structures that make up waxes?
At room temperature, wax is simply a plastic but than melts when it hits a certain degrees.

Explain why water is attracted to cardboard and not styrofoam.

Because styrofoam is made of polystyrene and that wicks the water away, while with cardboard, the fibers attract the water with electronegativity of the hydrogen and oxygen. There is no charge in certain molecules with styorofam, therefore, no attraction to the water.

Homework

	Mixed with water	Doesn’t mix with water
Glass	Hydrogen peroxide	Olive oil
	Mouthwash	Rubbing alcohol
		Dish soap
Plastic	Hairspray	Jelly
	Pink wine	Vinaigrette
		Ketchup

Conclusion: The liquids that mixed with water on glass were hydrogen peroxide and mouthwash. These both are made up with a majority of water so we think this is why they mixed with water.  These are showing a molecular attraction and strong chemical bonds.

The liquids that didn’t mix well with water were olive oil, rubbing alcohol and dish soap. With the olive oil and rubbing alcohol the water separated completely where as with the soap, the water collected around it. We think this didn’t mix well because it has a thicker consistency. These liquids lack a chemical bond with one another. They are repulsive of each other.

The liquids that mixed with water on plastics were hairspray and pink wine. We think that these mixed well because they are have a lot of water in them and a strong scent.  These chemicals are showing a strong molecular attraction.

The liquids that didn’t mix well with water were jelly, vinaigrette and ketchup. We think that these did not mix well because they are thick. With the jelly and ketchup, the water ran over the top but the color somewhat dispersed into the water too. The vinaigrette stayed in one puddle with bubbles all over.  These chemicals are made of different things and there for repulse one another in the water.

Day Three

List the common units for mass, volume, and length in the metric system.

Mass: kilograms

Volume: liter

Length: centimeters, feet, yards, and miles

List the common prefixes for "big" metric items and "small" metric items.

"Big" is gallons yards and miles
"Small" is kilograms and centimeters

Convert 12 inches into 1 m.

(on paper)
 

Convert 30 mpg to km/l.

(on paper)

 

 

Day Three

Would you give DHMO to your mother?
No I would not because it sounds like a terrible disease substance that not healthy for anyone or the environment. There are many environmental hazards associated with DHMO.

Do you think the government should research to better understand health effects of DHMO?
I think that this website is phony and therefore no the government should not research better. This website is not credited and I don't believe we should waste our government money on things that people have never heard of, or been talked about before.

Scientific method on DHMO & mother
Ask a question: What is DHMO and how does it effect our environment? I am unaware of what DHMO is and have never heard of it prior to this.
Background research: Ask peers, teachers, online research. This is where I would ask more questions to people who know about the topic of DHMO. Look more at the website and other websites.
Construct hypothesis: If DHMO is a spreading disease than how can I prevent my mother from getting it and what cures are out there for it?
Test with experiment: It is hard to test this seeing as we don't know a lot about it.We could go out and test with more medicines to see how it reacts with the DHMO
Analyze results: From looking at the websites, I have come to the result that I would no want to give this to my mother because it is a disease, and I would not want to harm my mother in any such way.

Day Three

Talk about process regarding car that does not start, what do you do?

If a car does not start, the most important thing to do is get help but first make a guess yourself. Prior to your car not starting, you should always be prepared with blankets, and extra warm clothes in your car in cause your car gets shut down for a long period of time in the cold winter. The first thing to do is look into the car at any problems that may be arising. Does the car have enough gas? Is the gas frozen? Is the engine fixed? If it’s something simple that you can fix yourself than you should do it. If it’s something tough that you need a mechanic for than you should call someone. You could call a friend or parent who knows a lot about cars. Something that you should not do is PANIC. Panicking in any situation is only going to make the situation worse for yourself and anyone you are with. You can make an educated guess yourself about what might be wrong with the car. If you have a guess you could call the auto shop and they could lead you step by step to help yourself with the car. If not, they will send someone out. You need to keep trying and fixing your car until you find the problem causing your car not to start.

I had this happen with myself and it turned out that the gas had frozen because it was cold and winter time. So now, I have learned from my mistakes and am sure to ALWAYS have my tank filled with enough gas.

What is the scientific method? Explain the process and the steps?
The scientific method is a process for experimenting that is used to observe and explore the questions that scientists have. It helps to get a direct focus on what the scientist is trying to explore, and an organized way to execute a plan.


The first step is to ask a question. In asking a question you need to ask a question about something you have observed. Ask how, what who, where, and why something is happening. The question must be about something you are able to measure.

The next step is to do research. Doing research will help you put together information regarding your question and stay away from any misguided information you may of have before. It's important to have some research so you know what is going on in your experiment.

The next step is to form a hypothesis. This is an educated guess about the question you are trying to solve. This should be an "If....Than" statement.

The next step is to test your hypothesis. This should be done through experimenting.

The next step is to analyze your date and make a conclusion. This means you are going back, looking at your experiment results and concluding is your hypothesis is true or false. If the hypothesis was false, you go back and start over with a new hypothesis. It's important to create a new hypothesis in order to learn from the experiment. If your hypothesis was true, than you report your results to peers, or at a science fair. Often times professional scientists will publish their results in a scientific journal article or a conference.

Relate the scientific process to the experiment that you performed on surfaces and liquids.

The experiment I did with surfaces and liquids directs somewhat to the scientific method. Prior to doing the experiment, we came up with a question that we wanted to answer. We wanted to know the results of mixing liquids with water. How would certain liquids react? I came up with a list of liquids that I though would create an interesting reaction. The background research I had was from prior science experiments in high school. I knew that vinegar separates in water,  and food dye spreads. Other than that there was not much research I could do. My overall hypothesis was that "If we mix certain liquids with water, there will be a reaction." The next step was to go out and test this at home. We tested with ten different liquids and this was crucial because there was a lot of different results.
After experimenting we were able to conclude that our hypothesis was true, and that there was a reaction most of the time. In some cases there was not a liquid reaction. Today in class we are going to report and compare our results, much like professional scientists would. It's important that we compare results with our peers because some people may have left their liquids to react for longer periods of time, causing a different result.

Homework

Observation #1
Surface: glass
Liquid: cooking spray and water
Observation: doesn't mix, went to side

Observation #2
Surface: glass
Liquid: hydrogen peroxide and water
Observation: mixes together

Observation #3
Surface: glass
Liquid: rubbing alcohol
Observation: Immediately separates

Observation #4
Surface: glass
Liquid: mouthwash and water
Observation: mixes and turns mouthwash very clear (turns from green to clear)

Observation #5
Surface: glass
Liquid: water and dish soap
Observation: ran over the top of the water and doesn't mix. The soap makes some what of a circular shape in the water.

Observation #6
surface: plastic
liquid: hairspray and water
observation: the hairspray mixed with the water but fizzed a little bit as we sprayed it

Observation #7 surface: plastic
liquid: jelly and water
observation: water forms circle around jelly and the water changes to the jelly color (pinkish)

Observation #8
surface: plastic
liquid: vinaigrette dressing and water
observation: vinaigrette separates from oil but oil is very distinct separation from the vinegar and water.

Observation #9
surface: plastic
liquid: ketchup and water
observation: the water turns to some red color from the ketchup and some forms of ketchup float away from the big chunk.

Observation #10
surface: plastic
liquid: pink wine and water
observation: wine mixed with water and the colors go together. Liquid is a light pink color.

Day Two

What elements make up water?

Hydrogen and oxygen.

 

Is water an ionic compound or a covalent compound?

Water is an covalent compound.

What is the shape of water?

Water is a "V-shaped polar molecule" This means that it's positive with the hydrogen atoms and negative with the oxygen atoms.

 

Why does water stick to itself?

Water sticks to itself because there is a positve and a negative charge being connected to one another.

Why does water not stick to or mix with oil?
Water does not stick with oil because oil is neutral (no charge) and is more attracted to itself than any other compound.